Neuroscience primarily deals with which aspects of biological study?

Neuroscience focuses specifically on the study of the nervous system, which encompasses nerves and nervous tissue. This field investigates how these components function, how they communicate, and their roles in various biological processes and behaviors. By examining the intricate networks of neurons and the pathways that connect them, neuroscience plays a crucial role in understanding both normal brain function and the mechanisms underlying neurological disorders.

The other choices do not align with the primary focus of neuroscience. For example, the behavior of microorganisms pertains more to microbiology, while human anatomy and the anatomy of muscles are broader fields that do not specifically center on the nervous system. Thus, option C stands out as the core focus of neuroscience, highlighting its unique contribution to biological study.