What does cultural imperialism refer to?

Cultural imperialism refers specifically to a scenario where the media and cultural products of one society, often more powerful or dominant, overshadow and influence the culture of another society. This concept highlights how media, literature, music, and other cultural expressions from a dominant culture can shape perceptions, values, and practices in less powerful cultures, often leading to the erosion of local cultures and traditions.

This answer aligns with the broader understanding of cultural imperialism as it emphasizes the role of media in perpetuating power dynamics and cultural dominance. It underscores the idea that cultural influence is not merely a matter of exchange or interaction, but can also involve imposition and control, affecting how societies view themselves and each other.

In contrast, the other options either denote different processes of cultural exchange or preservation, which do not align with the essence of cultural imperialism. For instance, the notion of local customs spreading to other cultures implies a more egalitarian exchange rather than dominance. Similarly, the melding of cultures in global cities signifies intercultural interactions rather than a one-sided imposition. Lastly, the preservation of cultural heritage focuses on safeguarding traditions and practices, which stands in opposition to the concept of cultural imperialism that often leads to the decline of such heritage under dominant cultural influences.