What factor is NOT associated with cultural transmission?

The choice highlighting passive reception of culture accurately identifies a factor that is not associated with cultural transmission. Cultural transmission typically involves active processes such as learning, sharing, and participating in cultural practices rather than merely absorbing information without engagement or understanding.

Cultural transmission emphasizes the ways individuals learn cultural norms, values, and behaviors through interactions and experiences. Learning from peers and the influence of family are key components, as these relationships facilitate active teaching and learning. Active engagement with cultural practices reflects individuals’ participation and involvement in their culture, further reinforcing the transmission process.

In contrast, passive reception implies a lack of interaction or participation, which does not align with the principles of cultural transmission, as it suggests receiving culture without actively participating or learning from it.