Which of the following best defines biological sex?

Biological sex is best defined as a combination of chromosomes, hormones, and reproductive anatomy. This definition encompasses a broader understanding of biological sex beyond just physical characteristics. Chromosomes, typically XX or XY, determine an individual’s genetic sex. Hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, influence the development of secondary sexual characteristics and overall physiology. Additionally, reproductive anatomy includes both internal and external structures involved in reproduction. By recognizing the complexity of these factors, the definition acknowledges that biological sex is not a simplistic binary but a multifaceted aspect of human identity and biology. This comprehensive approach is critical for understanding sexuality, gender differences, and the variations that exist within populations.