How are retreatists generally viewed in the context of society?

Retreatists are individuals who opt out of society's goals and means, effectively rejecting the cultural norms that dictate what is considered acceptable achievement or behavior. In terms of sociology, particularly within the framework of Robert Merton's strain theory, retreatists are characterized by their withdrawal from the pursuit of societal goals such as wealth or status as well as the means to pursue those goals. This helps us understand why retreatists are viewed as non-conformists; they actively decide to disengage from the frameworks that society typically holds dear.

Understanding retreatists in this light highlights their position outside mainstream societal structures, illustrating how their choice to abandon both the means and goals makes them unique in their non-conformity. They often embody a rejection of the dominant values and aspirations, representing a distinct response to the pressures of society. This notion is fundamental when analyzing behavior that diverges from normative pathways.

In contrast, the other options do not align with the sociological categorization of retreatists. For example, viewing retreatists as role models for change or leaders of moral standards suggests a leadership role or advocacy for transformation, which conflicts with their disengagement from societal goals. Moreover, they are not typically celebrated as examples of success because they have stepped away from conventional markers