How does 'culture' encompass both material and non-material elements?

Culture is a comprehensive system that includes both material and non-material elements, which is encapsulated in the correct choice. This choice highlights that culture is not solely about physical objects or artifacts, but also encompasses the intangible aspects of society, such as thoughts, beliefs, behaviors, language, and values. Material culture refers to the tangible objects and physical elements that people create and attach meaning to, like tools, buildings, and clothing. Non-material culture, on the other hand, involves the ideas, norms, and values that guide actions and help shape the way individuals and groups interact with both their material surroundings and each other.

By stating that culture integrates these dimensions, the response acknowledges the complex relationship between physical items and the ideas and practices that people associate with them. For example, a religious artifact can hold significant value and meaning, shaped by the beliefs and practices of the individuals who use it. Understanding culture as a combination of these elements provides a richer and more nuanced view of how societies function and evolve.

The other options suggest a limited or inaccurate view of culture. For instance, focusing solely on tangible aspects or traditions overlooks the broader and more dynamic nature of cultural expression. Ignoring the historical context disregards the ways in which cultures are shaped by their pasts