How is race typically defined in sociological terms?

In sociological terms, race is typically defined as distinct physical characteristics deemed socially significant. This understanding emphasizes that race is constructed socially rather than purely biologically. Sociologists recognize that the traits considered "racial" are grounded in the social meanings ascribed to them, which influence individuals' identities and experiences within society.

This perspective highlights that although physical attributes may categorize individuals into different groups, these categorizations vary across cultures and historical contexts. The significance placed on these characteristics can lead to social consequences, including discrimination and privilege. By focusing on the social importance of these traits, sociology aims to unravel the complexities of race in social interactions, institutional practices, and systemic inequalities.

The other options relate to different concepts. For instance, a shared cultural heritage pertains more accurately to ethnicity, which emphasizes cultural identity and practices rather than the socially significant physical traits associated with race. Personal identity based on cultural practices again emphasizes ethnicity rather than race, as it centers on how individuals identify with cultural groups. A historical event leading to societal change reflects a broader social phenomenon rather than a definition of race itself. The focus on physical characteristics that hold social meaning distinguishes the correct choice as the most aligned with sociological definitions of race.