Identifying with a group based on shared values is called what?

The correct answer is in-group bias, which refers to the tendency to favor one’s own group over others. This phenomenon often occurs when individuals identify with a group based on shared values, interests, or characteristics, fostering a sense of belonging and loyalty to that group. In-group bias can manifest in various social contexts, such as friendships, communities, and even larger societal affiliations. It can influence perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors, leading individuals to prioritize the needs and perspectives of their group while potentially overlooking or undervaluing those of outside groups.

Identifying with a group based on shared values inherently makes one more inclined to support and defend that group, reinforcing social bonds and collective identity. This understanding is crucial in sociology, as it highlights mechanisms of social cohesion and the dynamics of group interactions.

The other concepts mentioned—systematic bias, affinity bias, and externality bias—are distinct phenomena that do not specifically capture the essence of identification with a group based on shared values. Systematic bias is often related to prejudice or stereotypes that are ingrained over time, while affinity bias refers to the tendency to favor those who are similar to oneself in specific contexts, but it does not encapsulate the broader concept of group identification. Externality bias generally pertains to