What is scapegoating?

Scapegoating refers to the phenomenon where individuals or groups are unfairly blamed for problems or negative situations that they are not truly responsible for. This can happen on both a societal and interpersonal level, where frustrations, fears, or failures are projected onto a vulnerable or marginalized group.

This concept is fundamentally rooted in the need for individuals or societies to find a target for their discontent, allowing them to deflect attention from the real causes of their difficulties. For instance, during economic downturns, certain minority groups may be unjustly blamed for the situation, even though their behaviors have little to do with the broader economic issues at play.

The other options do not capture the essence of scapegoating. Assigning credit or praising achievements involves acknowledging contributions positively, whereas scapegoating involves assigning blame negatively. Empowering individuals to take responsibility suggests fostering accountability, which contrasts with the nature of scapegoating that often avoids true accountability by shifting blame unjustly. Thus, the correct choice aligns perfectly with the definition and sociological implications of scapegoating.