Which of the following best characterizes a rebel?

A rebel is best characterized by the creation of new societal means and goals. This perspective aligns with sociological frameworks like Robert K. Merton's strain theory, which identifies different responses to societal norms and expectations. A rebel does not simply reject or accept the existing structures; instead, they actively seek to challenge them by proposing alternatives. This can manifest as advocating for new values, societal norms, or methods to achieve those goals.

In the context of social change, rebels typically push against the status quo, aiming to instigate transformations that align more closely with their vision of justice, equality, or innovation. They engage in redefining norms and values that they believe are inadequate or oppressive, which is a critical facet of their identity.

The other options describe responses that do not capture the essence of rebellion. For instance, accepting existing norms while rejecting goals reflects a form of conformity rather than an active challenge to social structures. Maintaining traditional values demonstrates preservation rather than innovation. Discouraging change in societal structure directly contrasts with the rebel's drive to instigate change, thus failing to encapsulate the rebel's core characteristics.