Which of the following concepts refers to a preference for social connections with similar individuals?

In-group affinity refers to the tendency of individuals to form social connections and relationships with those who share similar characteristics, values, or backgrounds. This concept is rooted in social identity theory, which suggests that people categorize themselves and others into groups based on shared traits, leading to a preference for interaction within one's own group. This preference is often seen in various social settings, where individuals naturally gravitate towards those who mirror their own identities, whether that be in terms of race, religion, social class, or other defining factors.

The presence of in-group affinity contributes to the formation of strong bonds and networks within groups, but can also lead to divisions or biases against out-group members. This phenomenon is significant in sociology as it helps explain behaviors in social cohesion, group dynamics, and even levels of discrimination.

The other concepts provided do not accurately describe this preference for social connections with similar individuals. Structural inequality relates to systemic disparities in resources and opportunities in society. Cultural detachment refers to a disconnect from one’s own cultural background or heritage. Social empathy involves understanding and sharing the feelings of others, which does not inherently imply a preference for similarity in social connections. Hence, in-group affinity is the most accurate term for describing the preference for social connections with similar individuals.