Which of the following is characteristic of mores?

The characteristic that defines mores is that they are rules considered essential for the functioning of society and often carry significant social consequences when violated. Mores are more than just guidelines; they embody the moral standards of a community and are typically more strictly enforced than other types of social norms. When people violate mores, they can face severe social penalties, such as ostracism or condemnation.

The focus here is on the social significance and ethical considerations that mores encapsulate, which are pivotal for maintaining the moral fabric of a society. Unlike informal traditions or simply unwritten customs, mores provide a sense of collective morality and require more than just adherence to customs; they are tied to deeply held beliefs about right and wrong.

In contrast to formal codification, while some mores may align with laws, not all laws are mores. Laws can exist that regulate behaviors that are not considered moral transgressions. Additionally, mores are not characterized by low social penalties; rather, their violation typically invites significant disapproval. Therefore, the defining aspect of mores relates to their powerful role in shaping societal expectations and conduct.