Who is most likely to be identified as an "innovator" according to Merton's typology?

Merton's typology of deviance categorizes individuals based on their relationship to societal goals and the means available to achieve them. An "innovator" is someone who accepts the cultural goals of society but rejects the conventional means of achieving those goals, choosing instead alternative (often non-normative or illegal) methods.

In this context, the drug dealer exemplifies the innovator because they seek wealth, a common societal goal, but do so through illegal activities rather than traditional or approved channels. This behavior aligns with Merton's definition of innovation, where the individual modifies or creates new methods to reach socially accepted goals without adhering to the culturally prescribed means.

The other choices represent different behaviors: the social worker is compliant with societal norms, aiming to help through accepted means; the student upholding academic standards adheres closely to both goals and means; and the businessman following ethical practices maintains adherence to both cultural goals and conventional means. Thus, their actions do not reflect the defiance characteristic of an innovator.